[src/trunk]: src/lib/libc/stdlib Add example for strtod.

[riastradh <riastradh%NetBSD.org@localhost>]

details:   https://anonhg.NetBSD.org/src/rev/5016c745be0c
branches:  trunk
changeset: 348732:5016c745be0c
user:      riastradh <riastradh%NetBSD.org@localhost>
date:      Fri Nov 04 19:10:04 2016 +0000

description:
Add example for strtod.

This illustrates all the cases you might be interested in and asserts
theorems in those cases.

diffstat:

 lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3 |  40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diffs (54 lines):

diff -r 7b9642ef5455 -r 5016c745be0c lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3
--- a/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3  Fri Nov 04 18:46:15 2016 +0000
+++ b/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3  Fri Nov 04 19:10:04 2016 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"    $NetBSD: strtod.3,v 1.23 2016/11/04 18:46:15 riastradh Exp $
+.\"    $NetBSD: strtod.3,v 1.24 2016/11/04 19:10:04 riastradh Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
 .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -170,6 +170,44 @@
 .Dv ERANGE
 is stored in
 .Va errno .
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Since there is no out-of-band sentinel value to indicate an error,
+callers who wish to know whether there was overflow or underflow must
+set
+.Va errno
+to zero before calling
+.Fn strtod ,
+.Fn strtof ,
+or
+.Fn strtold ;
+in the case of no underflow or overflow, these functions preserve
+.Va errno .
+.Pp
+To check for syntax errors, callers must
+.Em also
+check whether
+.Fa endptr
+was updated to reflect the true end of the string in order to determine
+whether the full string was consumed or whether there were additional
+erroneous characters in it.
+.Bd -literal -offset abcd
+char *end;
+double d;
+
+\&...
+
+errno = 0;
+d = strtod(s, &end);
+if (s[0] == '\e0' || end[0] != '\e0')
+       errx(1, "invalid syntax");
+if (errno) {
+       assert(errno == ERANGE);
+       assert(d == HUGE_VAL || d == -HUGE_VAL || d == 0 ||
+           fpclassify(d) == FP_SUBNORMAL);
+       warnx("%s", d == HUGE_VAL ? "overflow" : "underflow");
+}
+/* d is the best floating-point approximation to the number in s */
+.Ed
 .Sh ERRORS
 .Bl -tag -width Er
 .It Bq Er ERANGE